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Author Topic: Is it 2:35:1 or 2.39:1
Frank Angel
Film God

Posts: 5305
From: Brooklyn NY USA
Registered: Dec 1999


 - posted 02-24-2002 10:56 AM      Profile for Frank Angel   Author's Homepage   Email Frank Angel   Send New Private Message       Edit/Delete Post 
Steve,

I started my career running film in commercial theatres from 1963 to 1967, after which I went into the arthouse end of the business where we have to have at least 3 non-anamorphic lens/apeture sets -- 4 if you want to do Disney correctly and 5 if you run silent. l can tell you that it was in those days when I saw those reel bands that gave the maximum and minumum aspect ratio that the theatres could use without, as they put it, "significant information being cropped" or "danger of showing extranious material."

In almost all those cases, prints were either hard matted to something very minimal, like 1.45 or not at all, i.e. full frame. Now I don't know when the SMPTE actually standardized at 1.85, but the studios certainly knew that in the real world, theatres were by no means all cropping at 1.85 and nothing else. Originally the whole cropping wide screen idea (bad as it is) was started by theatres, not the studios, simply because after they invested in CinemaScope screens, they figured why use 1.37 when we've got all that extra screen we paid for? They were cropping on pictures that were shot for 1.37.

So although it becomes fairly simple after standarization, there is that whole gray area, maybe even a little longer, where it's not so cut-and-dry.

Frank

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Steve Kraus
Film God

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From: Chicago, IL, USA
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 - posted 02-24-2002 11:34 AM      Profile for Steve Kraus     Send New Private Message       Edit/Delete Post 
I gladly defer to your experience at the time but as I did say "average US domestic non-anamorphic release" can you give us a few example titles of mainstream domestic (US production, major distributor, not arthouse-only) non-anamorphic films from the 1960's that are to be projected at other than 1.85?

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Gordon McLeod
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From: Toronto Ontario Canada
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 - posted 02-24-2002 12:38 PM      Profile for Gordon McLeod   Email Gordon McLeod   Send New Private Message       Edit/Delete Post 
Actually cropping of sperical prints started long before the advent of cinemascope.
I remember reading a bulletin from the projection department of Leows from 1949 that they were shifting to a 1.5:1 screen aspect ration
Also Universal was pushing in the early 50 for 1.66:1
But by about 1960 the defacto standard for the ground glass in the camera in North America was 1.85:1 as the safe area

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Frank Angel
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 - posted 02-25-2002 04:11 AM      Profile for Frank Angel   Author's Homepage   Email Frank Angel   Send New Private Message       Edit/Delete Post 
The one that comes to mind was WHO'S AFRAID OF VIRGINIA WOLF (WB). I recall that title in particular because it was one that had one of those minimum/maximum reel bands and I wasn't sure what it meant. I was only on the job for about a month and I hadn't seen this information before. I had to ask the veteran booth man what we were running....if we were between those ARs. He said we were running just about 1.66. He showed me that the print had a hard matte less than 1.66. It might have even been 1.37.


They bicycled me around the four theatre the Schulman's owned and I had taken an interest in this aspect ratio thing so I looked to see what AR each were projecting at -- all of them were different; as I recall, none were at 1.85. But, as I said, that doesn't mean the industry didn't move 1.85 more readily than theatres adapted to it. It would just be informative if we knew when exactly the SMPTE established 1.85. Also would be fun to find out how long Disney held out for 1.75 -- was it even after the SMPTE Standard or did they just fight for it during the proposal.

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Steve Kraus
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 - posted 02-25-2002 07:39 PM      Profile for Steve Kraus     Send New Private Message       Edit/Delete Post 
Very interesting; I've never seen a print labeled with max and min aspect ratios.

But are you saying that 1.85 is outside the max/min specs for Virginnia Woolf? IMDb seems to think it's a 1.85 title (not that they are a reliable authority). If the studio gave you some sort of a loosy goosy aspect ratio and 1.85 is within the range then I'm not sure I am understanding your point. I thought we were looking for pictures that should *not* run at 1.85, not titles that could possibly run at other ratios.

Plus I'd wager you could run almost any 1.85 film in 1.75 if the image is there and not notice any excess headroom unless it was pointed out to you. [Even films that on the bench *look* like they are hard matted all the way down to 1.85 usually have a tiny bit of excess there. When one is precisely matted to 1.85 if you run with 100% plates even setting the framing with 35PA/RP40 will inevitably show a sliver of black top or bottom which can only be corrected by framing with the actual print.]

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John Pytlak
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From: Rochester, NY 14650-1922
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 - posted 02-26-2002 10:09 AM      Profile for John Pytlak   Author's Homepage   Email John Pytlak   Send New Private Message       Edit/Delete Post 
Standard SMPTE 195 specifies that any "hard matte" on the print should have a projectable image area at least 0.505 inches (12.83 mm) high. Of course, 1.85:1 is 0.446 inches high, and 1.66:1 is 0.497 inches high.

------------------
John P. Pytlak, Senior Technical Specialist
Worldwide Technical Services, Entertainment Imaging
Research Labs, Building 69, Room 7525A
Rochester, New York, 14650-1922 USA
Tel: 585-477-5325 Cell: 716-781-4036 Fax: 585-722-7243
E-Mail: john.pytlak@kodak.com
Web site: http://www.kodak.com/go/motion

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Frank Angel
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 - posted 02-27-2002 02:38 PM      Profile for Frank Angel   Author's Homepage   Email Frank Angel   Send New Private Message       Edit/Delete Post 
John, is there a time-frame on that spec -- when it was first introduced (wasn't that one up for renewal a few years ago?).

Steve, as for imdb, they are worthless for any definative information about original specs -- they get much of their information from the video release and there, unfortunately, "letterboxing" has become a big marketing tool and videos are coming out where they are letterboxed films at 1.85 that clearly have clean composition right out to 1.37. Because the video is letterboxed at 1.85 is no guarantee that is true to the original intent.

Disney did that with BEAUTY AND THE BEAST. The animation was shot at full frame 1.37. For the VHS release, the entire 1.37 frame is shown, while the laserdisc was "letterboxed" at 1.85. If you look at two identical frames from each side by side, you will see that the 1.85 is nothing more than the full frame image with black bands added.

I am sure that 1.85 was the maximum for WAOVW; the minimum was something like 1.55 or 1.56, I don't exactly remember, but it was under 1.66 because we were running just under 1.66 and it looked fine. If the composition of the original film was ok at 1.66 in theatres, then I would certainly opt to crop at the less severe ratio in any retrospective presentation, and also, for that matter in the video release, rather than the more severe, especially since the negs are probably full frame. I would love to get my hands on one of those old reel bands.

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John Pytlak
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 - posted 02-27-2002 03:17 PM      Profile for John Pytlak   Author's Homepage   Email John Pytlak   Send New Private Message       Edit/Delete Post 
The standard I cited was SMPTE 195-1993. I don't have the later version (1998?).

Marty Hart's American Widescreen Museum has quite a bit of information about the evolution of aspect ratios:
http://www.widescreenmuseum.com/widescreen/evolution.htm
http://www.widescreenmuseum.com/widescreen/apertures.htm
http://www.widescreenmuseum.com/widescreen/mullen.htm

------------------
John P. Pytlak, Senior Technical Specialist
Worldwide Technical Services, Entertainment Imaging
Research Labs, Building 69, Room 7525A
Rochester, New York, 14650-1922 USA
Tel: 585-477-5325 Cell: 585-781-4036 Fax: 585-722-7243
E-Mail: john.pytlak@kodak.com
Web site: http://www.kodak.com/go/motion

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Steve Kraus
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 - posted 02-27-2002 06:22 PM      Profile for Steve Kraus     Send New Private Message       Edit/Delete Post 
Ah, but Frank, the gist of this discussion was the assertion that one could run pretty much any mainstream USA non-Scope movie from the 1960's at 1.85 with little fear of error and if 1.85 is within the spec given by the studio for your example title then you're not really contradicting the point.

John: That standard is obviously not one that is adhered to since many films are matted to a size that enforces 1.85 projection -- generally just a little taller to avoid framing errors but noticably (even to the naked eye) smaller than 1.66.

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John Pytlak
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 - posted 02-28-2002 08:47 AM      Profile for John Pytlak   Author's Homepage   Email John Pytlak   Send New Private Message       Edit/Delete Post 
Steve Kraus said: "John: That standard is obviously not one that is adhered to since many films are matted to a size that enforces 1.85 projection -- generally just a little taller to avoid framing errors but noticably (even to the naked eye) smaller than 1.66."

Unfortunately, SMPTE Standards are VOLUNTARY. If they had the rule of law, many bad practices wouldn't be allowed.

------------------
John P. Pytlak, Senior Technical Specialist
Worldwide Technical Services, Entertainment Imaging
Research Labs, Building 69, Room 7525A
Rochester, New York, 14650-1922 USA
Tel: 585-477-5325 Cell: 585-781-4036 Fax: 585-722-7243
E-Mail: john.pytlak@kodak.com
Web site: http://www.kodak.com/go/motion


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Steve Kraus
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 - posted 02-28-2002 01:05 PM      Profile for Steve Kraus     Send New Private Message       Edit/Delete Post 
Well I must say that this is a standard the violation of which I wholeheartedly endorse. If a film was composed for 1.85 then it should be shown in something close to that ratio and if hard masking to just a tad north of that enforces proper presentation then I'm all for it. Sure, a little slop for varations in plates, lenses, weird keystones etc. is necessary but .505 inches? A filmmaker might compose a frame that looks decent at either 1.66 or 1.85 but if their intent was specifically 1.85 and they want to force it shown that way then good for them. A standard of .505 is a considerable amount of slop even beyond 1.66 and to show a 1.85-composed film taking full advantage of that standard would just destroy the composition. That's not much of a standard if it allows that to happen.


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John Pytlak
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 - posted 02-28-2002 02:46 PM      Profile for John Pytlak   Author's Homepage   Email John Pytlak   Send New Private Message       Edit/Delete Post 
Steve --- like most standards, I recall the actual number of 0.505 inches was decided after discussion and compromise. My guess would be there was a desire not to "FORCE" a 1.85:1 aspect ratio, and to accomodate both 1.85:1 and 1.66:1 with the hard matte. The labs may also have had a concern about "hairs in the gate" from the optical printer showing if the matte was too close to the projected image area for the more widely used 1.85:1 ratio.

Developing GOOD and WORKABLE standards is a mix of technology and compromise. I doubt PERFECT standards that EVERYONE agrees to are even possible.

------------------
John P. Pytlak, Senior Technical Specialist
Worldwide Technical Services, Entertainment Imaging
Research Labs, Building 69, Room 7525A
Rochester, New York, 14650-1922 USA
Tel: +1 585 477 5325 Cell: +1 585 781 4036 Fax: +1 585 722 7243
E-Mail: john.pytlak@kodak.com
Web site: http://www.kodak.com/go/motion

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Steve Kraus
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 - posted 02-28-2002 10:23 PM      Profile for Steve Kraus     Send New Private Message       Edit/Delete Post 
I realize this but IMHO there should be no standard that comprises BOTH 1.66 and 1.85 as these are different formats. There should be a standard for hard masks for both. So both heights plus a bit of slop to hide dirt and account for small framing discrepencies.

BTW, how much taller than the projection aperture is the standard for a 1.37 Academy mask, or does SMPTE advise just leaving the full Scope height on those now. The old practice seemed to be pretty close to projection height and that (AFAIK) worked ok.

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John Pytlak
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From: Rochester, NY 14650-1922
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 - posted 03-01-2002 07:05 AM      Profile for John Pytlak   Author's Homepage   Email John Pytlak   Send New Private Message       Edit/Delete Post 
SMPTE 195 specifies a projectable area of 0.825 x 0.602 inches (20.96 x 15.29 mm) for the 1.37:1 aspect ratio. The "scope" image area (0.825 x 0.690 inches) should NOT be used for "Academy" aspect ratio prints, as the "Style A" camera aperture specified by SMPTE 59-1997 is only 0.866 x 0.630 inches (22.0 x 16.0 mm).

------------------
John P. Pytlak, Senior Technical Specialist
Worldwide Technical Services, Entertainment Imaging
Research Labs, Building 69, Room 7525A
Rochester, New York, 14650-1922 USA
Tel: +1 585 477 5325 Cell: +1 585 781 4036 Fax: +1 585 722 7243
E-Mail: john.pytlak@kodak.com
Web site: http://www.kodak.com/go/motion

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Steve Guttag
We forgot the crackers Gromit!!!

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From: Annapolis, MD
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 - posted 03-01-2002 11:06 AM      Profile for Steve Guttag   Email Steve Guttag   Send New Private Message       Edit/Delete Post 
Nowadays there must also be slop allowed for to accommodate bi-directional printers. Bi-directional printing can cause a vertical shift equivalent to slop of the sprocket within the perforation. Printing 2-strip 3-D films on bi-directional printers should be banned.

Steve

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"Old projectionists never die, they just changeover!"

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