The editors looked in the back pages to find all of the ads for products that "...guarantee to increase you mileage by xx%, or your money back!" They bought several of them, and installed them all in one car.
Their mileage actually decreased. They wrote; "... if you add up all the percentage increases shown by the makers of these products, we should not only be saving gasoline, we should actually be producing it!"
Film-Guard's great for film, but I don't think it will do anything for kerosene kamps!
To find the correct "total percentage" from a bunch of percentage reductions, divide each percentage by 100, subtract each from 1, multiply all of them together, and subtract the result from 1. Then multiply back by 100. I'll demonstrate. You have four discounts applied to a purchase (or they could be reductions in fuel usage): a 10 percent, 15 percent, a 5 percent, and a 20 percent. What is the net percentage discount (or reduction)? Compute (1 - 0.10) times (1 - 0.15) times (1 - 0.05) times (1 - 0.20), which comes to 0.5814. Subtract that from 1 and you get 0.4186, which multiplied by 100 gives the net discount of 41.86 percent, which is not the 50 percent you'd get if you added the percentages together.
Improvements work similarly. If last week's popcorn profits were 10 percent better than the previous week, and this week's popcorn profits are 10 percent better than last week's, that's a 21 percent improvement over 2 weeks, not 20 percent. (1 + 0.10) times (1 + 0.10) is 1.21. 1.21 - 1 = 0.21. 0.21 times 100 = 21, which is the correct number.