Have you tried the suggested fix that shows up on your screen, i.e. running e2fsck with an alternate superblock?
dumpe2fs /dev/sda | grep -i superblock
Pick one of the alternate superblocks from the list, then:
e2fsck -f -b SuperblockNumberHere /dev/sda
dumpe2fs /dev/sda | grep -i superblock
Pick one of the alternate superblocks from the list, then:
e2fsck -f -b SuperblockNumberHere /dev/sda
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