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This topic comprises 4 pages: 1 2 3 4
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Topic: Do You Think the Moon Landing was a Hoax?
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Stephen Furley
Film God

Posts: 3059
From: Coulsdon, Croydon, England
Registered: May 2002
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posted 10-07-2003 04:31 AM
I don't have proof either way, and I haven't seen the pictures for twenty years or more, but I think that, on balance of probability, they were genuine.
Apart from the reasons which others have given, I can think of another one. In the early '60s, the Russians had a clear lead in space technology, and, at least here in Europe, it was expected that they would be the first to reach the moon. This was still in the Cold War era, and the Russians can have been none too pleased at being overtaken. I'm sure that they would have examined all of the evidence in great detail, and would have been very quick to have exposed the whole thing as a fake if they had been able to do so. They didn't.
I'm sure that NASA could have put together a fake which would have fooled most of the public, but to fool some of the worlds leading space scientists would be a different matter.
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Darryl Spicer
Film God

Posts: 3250
From: Lexington, KY, USA
Registered: Dec 2000
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posted 10-07-2003 09:52 AM
The microwave oven did not come about as a result of someone trying to find a better, faster way to cook. During World War II, two scientists invented the magnetron, a tube that produces microwaves. Installing magnetrons in Britain?s radar system, the microwaves were able to spot Nazi warplanes on their way to bomb the British Isles. By accident, several years later, it was discovered that microwaves also cook food. Called the Radar Range, the first microwave oven to go on the market was roughly as large and heavy as a refrigerator. The idea of using microwave energy to cook food was accidentally discovered by Percy LeBaron Spencer of the Raytheon Company when he found that radar waves had melted a candy bar in his pocket. Experiments showed that microwave heating could raise the internal temperature of many foods far more rapidly than a conventional oven. The first Raytheon commercial microwave oven was the 1161 Radarange, which was marketed in 1954. Rated at 1600 watts, it was so large and expensive that it was practical only for restaurant and institutional use. In 1967, Amana, a division of Raytheon, introduced its domestic Radarange microwave oven, marking the beginning of the use of microwave ovens in home kitchens. Although sales were slow during the first few years, partially due to the oven?s relatively expensive price tag, the concept of quick microwave cooking had arrived. In succeeding years, Litton and a number of other companies joined the countertop microwave oven market. By the end of 1971, the price of countertop units began to decrease and their capabilities were expanded.
All electromagnetic energy can be characterized as waves with a specific wavelength and frequency distributed over a continuous range known as the electromagnetic spectrum. For example, some radio waves have a wavelength of 6 feet (2 meters) and a frequency of 50 million hertz (Hz-cycles per second). Visible light waves have a wavelength of 400 to 700 millimicrons, and typical X-rays have a length of 0.01 millimicrons and a frequency of 30 x 1012 millions. Microwaves (short waves or high frequency radio waves) are the shortest of radio waves, with a length of 0.1 millimeter and a frequency of 3 x 101 Hz. They are found in the non-ionizing portion of the energy spectrum, between radio waves and visible light. "Non-ionizing" means that microwaves do not detach charged particles and produce atoms with an unbalanced plus or minus charge. Microwaves can therefore safely produce heat and not cause food to become radioactive. Microwaves are reflected from most metals but they produce inductive resonance's in the atoms of many other substances. It was the discovery of their reaction to metals that led to the invention of radar. It was their ability to produce resonant coupling that led to the invention of the microwave oven
ideafinder.com
It was MRI/CATSCANS that were developed using technology from the space program not the microwaves as I mentioned before.
AT THE HOSPITAL...Body Imaging In the mid-1960's, as NASA prepared for its Apollo moon landing program, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) developed the technology known as digital image processing to allow computer enhancement of Moon pictures. This technology later became the basis for the NASA Landsat satellites.
Digital image processing is now being used by doctors and hospitals to record images of organs in the human body. Two of the most widely used body imaging techniques are computer-aided tomography (CATScan) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
CATScan image data is collected by aiming a fan-shaped x-ray beam from a number of different directions around the body. A tomographic (slice-like) image is reconstructed from these multiple views by a computer. MRI uses a magnetic field and radio waves to create images, rather then x-rays.
In most cases, CATScan is used for bone, while MRI is used for soft tissue (such as the liver shown above). Both methods are often used to obtain a complete diagnosis for a patient. Doctors and engineers are working to combine the best features of MRI and CATScan. One of their research tools is a computer program originally developed by NASA to distinguish among Earth surface features in Landsat image processing.
body imaging
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John Pytlak
Film God

Posts: 9987
From: Rochester, NY 14650-1922
Registered: Jan 2000
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posted 10-07-2003 03:36 PM
Showing my age, but I still remember the excitement of the first intercontinental television broadcast on the Telstar 1 satellite in 1962:
http://www.loral.com/inthenews/020710.html
quote: During its seven months in orbit, Telstar 1 dazzled the world with live images of baseball games, plays, musical performances, news broadcasts, scenes of the World's Fair in Seattle and a U.S. Presidential news conference. More than 200 million people watched as the United States and 16 European countries exchanged numerous live video signals of national monuments and famous images, including the United Nations building, Niagara Falls, the Eiffel Tower and the Statue of Liberty.
Society of Satellite Professionals International
Telstar 1 Specifications
Telstar 1
Telstar Ground Station Dedication
"We stand on the shoulders of giants to touch the sky".
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Gerard S. Cohen
Jedi Master Film Handler

Posts: 975
From: Forest Hills, NY, USA
Registered: Sep 2001
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posted 10-07-2003 03:48 PM
RAYMOND DAMADIAN
John's fourth link on the history of MRI mentions Dr.Raymond Damadian as one of the inventors. I always thought he was THE inventor, as his biography, "A Machine Called Indomitable" by Sonny Kleinfiled credits him as the inventor of the first full-body MRI scanner. In the final race, one workable device was produced by a competing team, but their magnet was so small it could only scan a body part the size of an arm.
Dr. Raymond Damadian grew up in the house next door to me, actually in the same semi-detached Tudor house where I live in Forest Hills Gardens, Queens, New York City. As a boy his father was snatched from the Turkish death march against the Armenians, through diplomatic intervention, and made his way to the U.S., where he married an Armenian-American and raised two children. Raymond was born in 1936 in Forest Hills.
Raymond studied the violin and taught tennis at the West Side Tennis club, and thought seriously of becoming a concert violist and tennis pro, but instead studied science and medicine, becoming a doctor with two PhD's.
Dr. Damadian not only invented a workable MRI, but built a factory on Long Island that ships worldwide, and developed scanners that produce color and 3-D images. Constantly perfecting his invention, he now has the first "stand-up" MRI, in which patients, especially those with spinal problems, can be scanned in walking posture (formerly they were wheeled on a dolly track in prone or supine position.)
Dr. Raymond Damadian spent years and considerable fortune trying to protect his patented inventions from huge corporations in the U.S., Europe and Asia who marketed his inventions as their own. Although he won several times in court, collecting the huge sums awarded him proved very difficult. At present, I believe he has worked out franchise license agreements with his competitors.
His biography is a fun read! A later biography, "Raymond Damadian and the Open MRI" (2002) by Marylou Kille, AKA Marylou Moreno Kjelle, is available from online booksellers. And any web search will turn up his awards, honors, testimony before Congress, etc.
Gerard. [ 10-07-2003, 05:26 PM: Message edited by: Gerard S. Cohen ]
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