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Author Topic: Is 70mm Gone For Good?
Warren Smyth
Expert Film Handler

Posts: 158
From: Auckland ,New Zealand
Registered: Aug 2003


 - posted 12-22-2003 10:38 PM      Profile for Warren Smyth   Email Warren Smyth   Send New Private Message       Edit/Delete Post 
quote:
Where does it end?
It's the nature of forums Manny that we zip off on tangents. Just as long as we enjoy ourselves and afterall, we may even learn something. I know I have.

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Mark Gulbrandsen
Resident Trollmaster

Posts: 16657
From: Music City
Registered: Jun 99


 - posted 12-22-2003 10:50 PM      Profile for Mark Gulbrandsen   Email Mark Gulbrandsen   Send New Private Message       Edit/Delete Post 
Manny,

Sure there is some irrelevant stuff that slips in but its all for the good and spirit of the thread. Seeing VV Projected onto a big screen is awsome to say the least. Its a very unique way to shoot and project and one of the finest film formats ever devised. Ditto for Technirama, and Super Technirama 70. Building projectors for VV today would be a cinch as the rolling loop could be utilized now that the basic patent has expired. (lets see where this leads Gord off to!)

Its also the only way one could ever see a large format film projected in Dye Transfer. Just the thought of that is awsome! No 70mm Dye Transfer was ever done.

Mark

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Paul Linfesty
Phenomenal Film Handler

Posts: 1383
From: Bakersfield, CA, USA
Registered: Nov 1999


 - posted 12-22-2003 11:13 PM      Profile for Paul Linfesty   Email Paul Linfesty   Send New Private Message       Edit/Delete Post 
quote:
Its also the only way one could ever see a large format film projected in Dye Transfer.
I'm pretty sure IB Technicolor prints weren't made of true VistaVision prints, due to the cost of making the matrices for a couple of prints.

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Manny Knowles
"What are these things and WHY are they BLUE???"

Posts: 4247
From: Bloomington, IN, USA
Registered: Feb 2002


 - posted 12-22-2003 11:15 PM      Profile for Manny Knowles   Email Manny Knowles   Send New Private Message       Edit/Delete Post 
Fine. Be that way. [Wink]

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Steve Guttag
We forgot the crackers Gromit!!!

Posts: 12814
From: Annapolis, MD
Registered: Dec 1999


 - posted 12-23-2003 01:36 AM      Profile for Steve Guttag   Email Steve Guttag   Send New Private Message       Edit/Delete Post 
I would think that in today's productions, the cost of VV versus 65/70mm photography would be only slightly measurable.

Kodak charges roughly double for 70mm. 8-perf 35 is double 4-perf 35. So a VV production would set you back double of that for a conventional shoot. 65mm would set you back double plus 25% (added perforation per frame) though John. P can clarify if 65mm negative is twice that of 35mm negative stock (The prices may be closer).

The larger the frame the less the depth of focus and the more light that is needed to light it...those are the downsides to large formats.

What VV brings to the table is the film is curved in the horizontal direction on projection...which will have better film control over the large frame area as compared to 70mm.

Personally, I don't think any significant improvement can be realized from the 65/70mm process from the VV format. In terms of reviving large format origination, 65/70 has a clear advantage...both primary camera manufacturer/renters offer 65mm equipment with relatively recent designs that include small size and weight. In projection, you have quite a few choice of manufacturers. Even in lensing...both ISCO and Schneider have relatively modern ('80s) lens designs for 70mm projection.

As an aside...the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation has their visitors film they show in their historical back-to-back twin theatres. The film was shot and originally projected in lazy-8 VV format (late '50s). The vista-vision process didn't even make it a decade in projection before it was converted into 70mm (using Century JJs for projection) ('60s).

The negative is being restored by the best (Bob Harris) and they explored going back to Vista Vision projection. Kinoton offered their projectors in a Vista Vision format with either normal or reverse vista-vision orientation. Upon looking at all options...it was decided to retain 70mm as the projection format though it will make a transistion from magnetic to DTS digital sound when the restoration is complete.

Steve

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Carl Martin
Phenomenal Film Handler

Posts: 1424
From: Oakland, CA, USA
Registered: Feb 2002


 - posted 12-23-2003 03:26 AM      Profile for Carl Martin   Author's Homepage   Email Carl Martin   Send New Private Message       Edit/Delete Post 
quote:
1. Steven Spielberg -- still insisting on shooting 1.85:1 (The "Indiana Jones" movies were shot in 'scope to satisfy George Lucas)....
6. James Cameron -- advocate of the Super 35 format which, I admit, would look absolutely fabulous when blown up to 70mm.

is one reason they prefer these formats that they don't like anamorphic artifacts? 65/70mm doesn't have them.

quote:
I know Disney struck a 5/70 print of "Pearl Harbor" for the Japan premiere.
how expensive is it to strike one 70mm print? is this directly blown up from a 35mm neg without making a 70mm neg? wouldn't the per-print cost of say a dozen or more 70mm prints be significantly smaller if a blowup neg were produced?

carl

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John Pytlak
Film God

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From: Rochester, NY 14650-1922
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 - posted 12-23-2003 05:55 AM      Profile for John Pytlak   Author's Homepage   Email John Pytlak   Send New Private Message       Edit/Delete Post 
Although a blow up to make a direct 70mm print could be done, it would be much better practice to make a 35mm master positive on a continuous contact additive printer, and make the 65mm duplicate negative from that. Running an original negative through an optical printer entails some risk of damage, as the original negative has hundreds of splices.

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Mark Gulbrandsen
Resident Trollmaster

Posts: 16657
From: Music City
Registered: Jun 99


 - posted 12-23-2003 10:09 AM      Profile for Mark Gulbrandsen   Email Mark Gulbrandsen   Send New Private Message       Edit/Delete Post 
Steve,
Actually the VV format is ALOT cheaper to shoot with as compared to 65mm. Raw stock on an average feature is a big, big ticket item and would be about twice to go to 65mm. Last I heard 65mm raw stock was on average $7.00 a foot but J.P. might like to clarify that. 35mm is no where near that as much larger qualtities are delt with in manufacturing. With VV you also have a big choice in film stock... virtually all manufacturers! 65mm cameras also cost ALOT more to lease for a film than do VV cameras. Fortunately there are many good cameras out there of both formats for lease. But the lab costs is where the big cost differential lies, and you can use any lab you want to use. Any lab can make an 8 perf work print as well. Aside from the lack of projectors and with the advent of conversion to estar base film there is no reason not to project in the VV format if one has "Professional Operators" in the booth. I will admit that the normal every day person you find in todays booths probably could not deal with a VV projector. For those that operate their booths that way, 70mm release printing is the better way for sure. I'd also be willing to bet there would have been less problems at Colonial Williamsburg had they put in the Kinoton VV machines.... they are certainly far more reliable than the JJ, but I kow Century had some weight back in the 60's when they were also on the east coast.

The big problem with 65mm origination is that there are but just a few labs worldwide that are left that can deal with processing 65mm negative and even fewer left that can handle the release printing....in fact if my memory serves me there's only one lab left here in the U.S. capable of making 70mm release prints and when that last 65mm lab closes down VV will still live on. The fact is that many cinematographers simply will not go to just the one or two labs that are left. Many have used the same labs they started at when they entered the buisness....many also get incentives from a lab for bringing their work there...that isn't going to happen with 65mm and the one lab left. Also as for large format depth of focus VV shines in this department utilizing much shorter equivelent lenses...where an 80mm might be a "Normal Lens" on 65mm the VV format would utilize a 50mm lens....providing much better depth of field. You don't need that huge circle of coverage from a taking lens like 65mm does! This is one of the main resons Paramount designed the system...they hated the lack of depth of focus in 65mm and Cinemascope....They definately had the better idea. VV can also utilize any spherical 70mm type projection lens out there, plus many 35mm lenses will easily cover the VV aperature as well. So lensing for projection is not a problem.

Heck, I can even afford to put some film through my VV camera once in a while!! Since I generally use short ends and re-cans the cost is not nearly high by any means. I've had and passed on the opportunity to own 65mm cameras at fairly reasonable prices and passed on them because of the price of film stock.

Mark

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Manny Knowles
"What are these things and WHY are they BLUE???"

Posts: 4247
From: Bloomington, IN, USA
Registered: Feb 2002


 - posted 12-23-2003 10:51 AM      Profile for Manny Knowles   Email Manny Knowles   Send New Private Message       Edit/Delete Post 
You do realize, of course, that you are talking in terms of what COULD happen and what is theoretically possible.

None of this is practical.

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John Pytlak
Film God

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From: Rochester, NY 14650-1922
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 - posted 12-23-2003 11:02 AM      Profile for John Pytlak   Author's Homepage   Email John Pytlak   Send New Private Message       Edit/Delete Post 
Mark Gulbrandsen wrote:

quote:
Last I heard 65mm raw stock was on average $7.00 a foot but J.P. might like to clarify that.
Here's the catalog item for Kodak VISION2 500T Color Negative Film 5218:

http://www.kodak.com/US/plugins/acrobat/en/motion/products/change/kn2dec2002.pdf

The catalog price of a 1000 foot roll of this popular "top shelf" 65mm camera negative film is $1211.00, or only $1.211 per foot.

Note that for the same price, you get a 2000 foot roll of 35mm film.

More labs are again offering 65mm and 70mm printing and processing, both in the US and overseas, but you are correct that 35mm processing is more widely available.

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Gordon McLeod
Film God

Posts: 9532
From: Toronto Ontario Canada
Registered: Jun 99


 - posted 12-23-2003 12:23 PM      Profile for Gordon McLeod   Email Gordon McLeod   Send New Private Message       Edit/Delete Post 
The reason that it ran from bottom top top was the original VV cameras ran that way due to the original movement behaved better (rememebr that VV actually was first used back in the late 20's)
The large stock of VV cameras would ruleout changing what is a standard. Also in effect Imax runs the same direction throught the projector
There is a person in scotland who has a modified VV camera that is shooting with a 10 perf pull across in 35mm to yeild a negative of the same ratio as Scope
So anyway this is my 5000th post so let me rant
convential 35mm has really outlived it usefullness on large screens and either of the two larger formats would be a improvement to the base image quality issues that are annoying in so many of these super large screens now days
end of rant

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Mark Gulbrandsen
Resident Trollmaster

Posts: 16657
From: Music City
Registered: Jun 99


 - posted 12-23-2003 12:43 PM      Profile for Mark Gulbrandsen   Email Mark Gulbrandsen   Send New Private Message       Edit/Delete Post 
Gord, Congrats on the 5000th!! Thats pretty amazing...Brad should gove you a special T-shirt at Showest.

Actually the film runs that way because thats they way it runs with the camera turned on its side. Also, a Mitchell movement can't run backwards as well as it does forewords. Many early movements like mine were converted to 3 pin reg to improve verticle steadiness at the far end of the frame where the film is basically un supported. I agree that any larger format would be a plus. I also am pretty sure that the $7.00 a foot price I was told about in the above post was for film, processing, and work print. Seven bucks a foot is still ALOT more than what I pay for shooting in VV.
Mark

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Scott Jentsch
Phenomenal Film Handler

Posts: 1061
From: New Berlin, WI, USA
Registered: Apr 2003


 - posted 12-23-2003 01:27 PM      Profile for Scott Jentsch   Author's Homepage   Email Scott Jentsch   Send New Private Message       Edit/Delete Post 
Bobby Henderson wrote:
quote:
Commerical movie theaters are far better off sticking to showing film prints. The only way I would advocate a video-based system for commercial theaters is if it were something totally different from the home and impossible to implement in the home.
I don't think 70mm has a chance as a mainstream format. It had its heyday and will only decrease in presence and popularity.

I agree with the sentiment that theaters need to improve the presentations they are doing now before they worry about improving the film stock they are showing.

This is where theaters will always be able to deliver a better experience than can be done at home, no matter how nice a home theater setup they have.

I think everyone here agrees that 35mm can be done much, much better than it usually is in most multiplexes. Show prints are reportedly of better quality than those that are sent nationwide, but that's probably not the most significant factor that affects the experience one has when seeing a movie at a theater.

When, and only when, a theater has every other aspect of the movie-going experience nailed, should they be looking to the studios, labs, and distributors to provide a better product to them. Unless there is something physically wrong with the print, the theater has the ultimate responsibility for competing with home theaters.

This is a responsibility that many theaters do not take seriously.

Make sure that the sound is perfect, make sure that the picture is in focus and doesn't jitter. Make sure you aren't projecting on the wall and that you are framing it properly. Make sure your customers can't hear the projector running, distracting them from the experience you are supposed to be immersing them in.

When you have that done, then make sure that the staff is courteous, make sure the concessions are good. Make sure the bathrooms are clean and are something people aren't afraid to go into. Make your theater a place that people want to come to by using interior and exterior design that builds on the magic people want to feel when they go to a movie. Accessorize those elements with standees, posters, and other items that support that experience.

70mm shows were great not only because the picture and sound were very good. They were great because theaters used to make a big deal out of them. This can be seen when some films are brought back for limited engagements. The mere act of marketing it as something special to attend draws the audiences. I've seen photos of theaters here in Milwaukee that would build custom marquee displays for the movie they were showing.

That's spectacle and grandeur, and it's fun. That's what people should get when they go to a movie. That's what very few will ever be able to replicate in their own homes. If you don't do better than they can do at home, why should they go to the theater when the movie will be out in six months or less?

Too many theaters treat customers like cattle at a stockyard, only wishing to get them in and out as quickly as possible. This attitude keeps many people home in the first place. I believe that studios will start toying with the idea of skipping the theatrical run, pouring all of their marketing efforts into the DVD release. Theaters should be very afraid of losing the monopoly they have on movies, and this fear should be a motivating factor to improve the movie-going experience if professional pride isn't.

I apologize for the rant, but this gets back to the issue of the experience, not just the film format. If digital cinema can improve on the problems that many theaters have with sound and picture, I'm all for it. It's then two things that are taken care of in a long list.

70mm doesn't cure any of these ills, and just isn't practical when so much could be done within the existing framework theaters have available to them.

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Stephen Furley
Film God

Posts: 3059
From: Coulsdon, Croydon, England
Registered: May 2002


 - posted 12-23-2003 02:11 PM      Profile for Stephen Furley   Email Stephen Furley   Send New Private Message       Edit/Delete Post 
The GK projector linked to by Gordon on Cinephoto (Hugh McCullough's site) was one of a pair installed there for Battle of the River Plate; they may also have been used for one or two other films. between these two machines were three standard 35mm mchines, the odd-looking BTH Mk.1 SUPAs.

One other London cinema was equipped, I think with Century machines, and I have heard that Pinewood studios had a pair.

When I was a student at a London college in the early '70s, I saw a short length of Vista film, I was unaware of the format then, and one of the lecturers told me that a pair of the machines had been stored at the College when taken out, from where I don't know, but were no longer there. The College was all 16mm then, but had previously trained 35mm projectonsts.

Some time ago I had a discussion with another forum member who knew the whereabouts of parts of these machines. I cannot say more, as this was by private e-mail, unless the member comes forward, but it would be good to see one of these machines restored. Some of the parts are the same as on standard Kalee machines, so it may be possible to obtain spares.

This page:

web page

Shows the covers of two interesting looking booklets, scroll down to below the Odeon one. I assume that the Technirama demonstration was in 8-perf, not a reduction,but I don't know if the projectors were fitted with mag heads for this. The Widescreen Museum page with the picture of the Century projector also shows the Kalee Varamorph light eater, sorry, prismatic variable anamorphic attachment, almost certainly used for the Odeon Technirama show. The Kalee projector shown on this page is a model 21, standard 35mm machine, not the Vista one.

A few years ago a reel of the old 'Battle of the River Plate' print was run on a modern projector at an exhibition at a small studio in London (Grip House). It was faded to almost pure magenta, but still looked very impressive. Sadly, there was no sound head on the machine.

A few frames from this print can be seen Here:

Note the VD track which seems to have very little, if any silver in it. The film which I saw at the college had a conventional silver + dye duo-bilateral track, so it must have been from some other film. This suggests that at least two films were run in the format in this country. A couple of frames were also included in Sion Hanson's 'Fantastic Formats' booklet, which accompanied his lecture of the same name.

p.s. do visit Hugh's site, he has some interesting pictures there. I've never met him, though he lives very close to me.

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Manny Knowles
"What are these things and WHY are they BLUE???"

Posts: 4247
From: Bloomington, IN, USA
Registered: Feb 2002


 - posted 12-23-2003 05:04 PM      Profile for Manny Knowles   Email Manny Knowles   Send New Private Message       Edit/Delete Post 
Don't apologize, Scott. That was beautifully stated.

We all know that 35mm offers greater potential than dCinema (in its current manifestations) but we should face the fact that many theatres are not doing justice to 35mm and the impact that will have on the fate of the format. In the final analysis it won't matter what is possible.

Don't you think that the studio people realize that dCinema offers less quality? They know this but it doesn't matter. The only thing that will matter is what is realistically -- and consistently -- being delivered.

Do you think they're going to come consulting with us (technicians) or does it seem more likely that they will seek opinions from customers?

I'm willing to bet that the average viewer will not perceive (or be bothered by) losses in resolution. If anything, the image will honestly seem improved for many of them.

I had a conversation with a young person not long ago who basically had this to say: "It's not fair. I just got here. If they go digital, they won't need me anymore." I am curious if there are booth operators/film handlers with similar concerns about dCinema.

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