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This topic comprises 6 pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6
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Topic: Washington State Legislators are Digging Themselves Into A Hole
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Leo Enticknap
Film God

Posts: 7474
From: Loma Linda, CA
Registered: Jul 2000
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posted 01-16-2003 04:26 AM
That is a big part of the problem here, too. Up until the late 40s/early 50s, company pension funds were invested almost entirely in bonds or other gilt-edged investments. Not much return, but zero risk as well so the flow of money in and out of a fund could be planned pretty accurately. There was then a move to investing pension funds in the stock market. Most of the big pension funds are invested almost entirely in stocks and shares now, thus exposing them to stock market boom and bust cycles. When the three-year decline in the value of the UK stock market seriously started to bite, many big companies abandoned (and are still abandoning) their final salary-based pension schemes and replacing them with ones that fully expose investors to the stock market. At the moment, people are taking one look at the stock market and deciding that it's a bad investment, with the result that Britons are now consumer spending like mad and also investing more in property, which has pushed house prices through the roof (excuse the pun). But the fact that this situation seems to have pushed people into just not saving at all is likely to be a real worry, IMHO. I wouldn't have thought that a large cohort of new pensioners around 2010 would provoke a crash, because they'll just be converting their pension fund investment into an annuity - and annuity providers invest in the stock market too. So that money won't actually be leaving the system, just being invested for a slightly different purpose. But if the overall value of stock markets in the developed world is in a long-term downward trend, then that spells trouble for everyone.
A nice cheerful thought to start the day...
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David Stambaugh
Film God

Posts: 4021
From: Eugene, Oregon
Registered: Jan 2002
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posted 01-16-2003 11:21 AM
There's a book out about that forthcoming 401k debacle. In general the theory is that when 401k's were introduced, trillions of dollars were invested in stocks and stock funds, rather than traditional things like money market funds, bonds, or T-Bills. The money was coming from a wide cross-section of the working class, from young to old. All that money going into stocks contributed to drive stock prices up. The Internet bubble and corporate financial scandals have rocked the market, but most of the invested money is still in place. So time goes by, and more people will start retiring. The 401k laws state that you MUST start withdrawing your money no later than a certain age (I think it's 70 1/2?). So at some point due to the aging population, more people will be withdrawing their money than there will be new money going in from new workers. There will be far more sellers of stock than buyers, which will cause a major crash in the markets, lasting over a period of many years. This all happens just about the same time as the Social Security system will self-destruct too, for the same reason: too many retirees, not enough new money coming in.
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Leo Enticknap
Film God

Posts: 7474
From: Loma Linda, CA
Registered: Jul 2000
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posted 01-16-2003 03:33 PM
They say that the stock market is the most accurate way ever invented of representing the true value of a national economy in the long term, but that it can fluctuate wildly in the short term. That's fine if, like me, you've got 35 years to go until retirement, or if you retire when the market is going through a peak. But if you have to retire when the market is at the bottom of a trough... not so nice.
quote: The 401k laws state that you MUST start withdrawing your money no later than a certain age (I think it's 70 1/2?). So at some point due to the aging population, more people will be withdrawing their money than there will be new money going in from new workers.
Our personal pension (IRA) laws are similar. The age limit is 75. When you put money into a personal pension during your working life, it attracts income tax relief. That is to say, the government pays into your pension fund the value of the income tax you paid on the money you're investing. The quid pro quo for this is that what you can do with this fund when you retire is highly restricted. You can take 25% of the total fund value as a tax-free lump sum, but the rest has to be used to purchase an annuity. This is an insurance product which, in return for paying a fixed sum, guarantees you an income for life. The amount this income costs at the moment you buy the annuity varies from day to day on stock market values (and to a lesser extent other parameters, like your life expectancy), because annuity providers service their liabilities with the return from stock market investments. But once you've purchased the annuity, its income is fixed.
In the last three years, the stock market decline (the FTSE 100 is down from around 6,000 in January 1999 to 3,800 now) has driven annuity rates down, with the result that people are increasingly abandoning pension saving in favour of short-term consumer spending. If this is stock market decline is just cyclical like all the others then it probably won't be a big deal in the long term, but if not...
A cheerful thought to end the day, too!
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