posted 06-23-2010 02:16 PM                    

quote: Joe Redifer

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But, as always, Michael is hyper-sensitive for whatever reason even though no ill-will whatsoever was directed at him.

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posted 06-23-2010 09:11 PM                    

quote:

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HAPPY 35TH, “JAWS”
REMEMBERING THE ORIGINAL SUMMER BLOCKBUSTER ON ITS 35TH ANNIVERSARY

Compiled by Michael Coate

Dedicated to:
Robert Shaw (“Quint”), 1927-1978
Charlsie Bryant (Script Supervisor), 1917-1978
John R. Carter (Sound), 1907-1982
Verna Fields (Film Editor), 1918-1982
Howard Sackler (Screenwriter), 1929-1982
Murray Hamilton (“Vaughn”), 1923-1986
Roger Heman, Jr. (Sound), 1932-1989
Manfred Zendar (Technical Advisor), 1907-1990
Chris Rebello (“Michael Brody”), 1963-2000
Lew Wasserman (Universal Chairman), 1913-2002
Peter Benchley (Screenwriter), 1940-2006
Roy Scheider (“Brody”), 1932-2008
Shari Rhodes (Location Casting), 1938-2009
Ned Tanen (Universal Executive), 1931-2009
David Brown (Producer), 1916-2010

June 20, 1975...the day the modern summer blockbuster was born. (Or so goes the legend.)

Timed to coincide with schools letting out and families beginning their summer vacations, Universal Pictures released Jaws, Steven Spielberg’s thrilling cinematic adaptation of Peter Benchley’s best-selling novel about a great white shark that terrorizes a New England coastal resort town. Little did anyone realize the impact — positive and negative — that this one film would have in influencing a shift in the type of movies that would get made, when and how they would be released, their earnings potential, and, not to mention, causing people to reconsider swimming in the ocean.

Prompted by extraordinary feedback from the film’s sneak-preview screenings that spring, Universal saturated the market by opening Jaws simultaneously in nearly 500 theaters and promoting it with a massive television ad campaign at a time when the industry norm was to launch in a conservative number of theaters (and expand gradually) and to rely on minimal if any television advertising.

The premise that Jaws opened in an unusually large number of theaters inspired me to research and assemble a list of the theaters that took part in the film’s landmark release. But...as the project progressed, it was discovered that what has often been described in historical accounts as a record saturation opening is nothing more than a myth. As it turns out, there were numerous films produced prior to Jaws that were given large-scale television promotion and/or saturation distribution greater than that of Spielberg’s film, including most notably Columbia’s Breakout (1975) and Taylor-Laughlin’s The Trial Of Billy Jack (1974). Still, for its time, opening in hundreds of theaters at once is noteworthy as it was a sign of what would soon become the norm.

Another myth surrounding Jaws is the amount of money it made. Numerous sources claim it was the first motion picture to gross $100 million. Not true. What is not a myth is how quickly Jaws made its money, as it without question made money faster than any film in history up to that point in time, thanks in large part to it being advertised on television, excellent word-of-mouth, positive reviews, and that it was playing nationwide. Opening weekend brought in more than $7 million. After ten days: $21 million. A mere two weeks into release the film was in the black. And it cracked the blockbuster plateau of $100 million after only fifty-nine days in release. One by one, all of the big moneymaking records — The Sound Of Music, Gone With The Wind, Love Story, The Sting, The Exorcist, The Godfather — began to topple. Jaws went from a troubled production to the biggest hit the industry had ever seen, proving just how unpredictable the film business can be. It’s funny how things work out.

The industry also has a funny way of remembering only the films that are successful, and it likes to honor its (successful) past when round-numbered anniversaries turn up. So with that in mind, here, on the occasion of its 35th anniversary, is a quick-reference tribute to Steven Spielberg’s Jaws. Enjoy this flashback to the summer of ’75...

PRINCIPAL CAST & CREW
Brody – Roy Scheider
Quint – Robert Shaw
Hooper – Richard Dreyfuss
Ellen Brody – Lorraine Gary
Vaughn – Murray Hamilton
Meadows – Carl Gottlieb
Hendricks – Jeffrey C. Kramer
Chrissie – Susan Backlinie
Cassidy – Jonathan Filley
Estuary Victim – Ted Grossman
Michael Brody – Chris Rebello
Sean Brody – Jay Mello
Mrs. Kintner – Lee Fierro
Alex Kintner – Jeffrey Voorhees
Ben Gardner – Craig Kingsbury
Medical Examiner – Dr. Robert Nevin
Interviewer – Peter Benchley

Director – Steven Spielberg
Producers – Richard D. Zanuck and Robert Brown
Screenplay – Peter Benchley and Carl Gottlieb (based upon the novel by Peter Benchley)
Director of Photography – Bill Butler
Editor – Verna Fields
Music – John Williams
Production Designer – Joseph Alves, Jr.
Special Effects – Robert A. Mattey
Production Executive – William S. Gilmore, Jr.

Studio – Universal Pictures
Release Date – June 20, 1975
Running Time – 124 minutes
Projection Format – Scope
Sound Format – Mono
MPAA Rating – PG

NUMBER$

1 = Rank on top-grossing films of 1975
1 = Rank on all-time list of top-grossing films at close of run
1 = Rank on all-time list of top rentals at close of run
2 = Number of years held the #1 spot on list of all-time top-grossing films
3 = Number of Academy Awards
4 = Number of Academy Award nominations
7 = Number of years Universal Pictures’ most-successful film
7 = Rank on current list of all-time top-grossing films (adjusted for inflation)
9 = Number of consecutive weeks it was the nation’s top-grossing film
14 = Number of days it took to turn a profit
26 = Steven Spielberg’s age when he was offered the directorial assignment
39 = Rank on current list of all-time top-grossing films
40 = Number of weeks longest-running engagement played
48 = Rank on American Film Institute’s list of the 100 Greatest American Films
59 = Number of days it took to surpass $100 million
78 = Number of days it took to become the industry’s top-grossing movie
159 = Number of days it took to shoot the movie
161 = Number of days it took to surpass $150 million
464 = Number of opening-week bookings in the United States and Canada
2,500+ = Number of theaters in North America that showed Jaws during original run

$175,000 = Amount paid to acquire motion picture rights
$2.5 million = Amount Universal spent on marketing in advance of its release
$3.0 million = Salary plus profit-participation earned by Spielberg
$7.1 million = Opening-weekend box-office gross
$9.0 million = Production cost
$129.5 million = Cumulative domestic box-office rental (original + re-releases)
$192.0 million = Cumulative domestic box-office gross (original release)
$210.7 million = Cumulative international box-office gross (original + re-releases)
$260.0 million = Cumulative domestic box-office gross (original + re-releases)
$470.7 million = Cumulative worldwide box-office gross (original + re-releases)
$802.9 million = Cumulative domestic box-office gross (adjusted for inflation)

MEMORABLE DIALOGUE

“You’re gonna need a bigger boat.” — Brody

“Martin, it’s all psychological. You yell ‘barracuda’…and everybody says, ‘Huh? What?’ You yell ‘shark,’ we’ve got a panic on our hands on the Fourth of July.” — Vaughn

“Slow ahead. I can go slow ahead. Come on down and chum some of this shit.” — Brody

“This is not a boat accident.” — Hooper

“Smile, you son of a bitch.” — Brody

WHAT THE CRITICS HAD TO SAY

“Jaws is an artistic and commercial smash. Producers Richard D. Zanuck and David Brown, and director Steven Spielberg, have the satisfaction of a production problem-plagued film turning out beautifully. Peter Benchley's bestseller about a killer shark and a tourist beach town has become a film of consummate suspense, tension and terror. The Universal release looks like a torrid moneymaker everywhere.” — A.D. Murphy, Variety

“Destined to become a classic.” — Arthur Cooper, Newsweek

“The first and crucial thing to say about the movie Universal has made from Peter Benchley’s best-seller Jaws is that the PG rating is grievously wrong and misleading. The studio has rightly added its own cautionary notices in the ads, and the fact is that Jaws is too gruesome for children, and likely to turn stomachs of the impressionable at any age.” — Charles Champlin, Los Angeles Times

“Brilliant young director Steven Spielberg has taken the premise of Peter Benchley's best-selling but rather pedestrian novel Jaws — a summer resort community terrorized by the presence of a rogue Great White Shark — and streamlined it into a new classic of cinematic horror and high adventure. The movie version of Jaws is one of the most exciting and satisfying thrillers ever made.” — Gary Arnold, The Washington Post

“Jaws is a thriller of surprise rather than suspense. You feel like a rat, being given shock treatment, who has not yet figured out the pattern.” — Molly Haskell, The Village Voice

“The real hero of the film is young director Steven Spielberg. No review of Jaws should tell you too much of what happens, but every review of Jaws should tell you how masterfully Spielberg manipulates the audience. Wisely he relies on our imagination. For a long time we don’t see the whole shark, just the results. Or we are the shark, hovering beneath the swimmers, watching.” — Dominique Paul Noth, The Milwaukee Journal

“In spite of some rather gruesome scenes, Jaws is a superior piece of entertainment.” — Larry Stallings, Daytona Beach Journal

“Jaws is a movie whose every shock is a devastating surprise. It is elaborate, technically intricate, and wonderfully crafted. Contains classic sequences of suspense…The final battle is literally explosive.” — Time Magazine

“Jaws provides us with chills enough for the hottest of summers and hydrophobia for life.” — Judith Crist, New York Magazine

“Shock piles upon shock until the viewer is half-dead from fright, and it’s all so skillfully directed by 27-year-old Steven Spielberg, edited by Verna Fields, scored by John Williams and photographed by Bill Butler, that you can’t escape its tension and power even if you want to.” — Rex Reed, New York Daily News

“If you think about Jaws for more than 45 seconds you will recognize it as nonsense, but it’s the sort of nonsense that can be a good deal of fun if you like to have the wits scared out of you at irregular intervals.” — Vincent Canby, The New York Times

“Spielberg ranks with [William] Friedkin as a foremost commercial practitioner of a gritty, punchy, visual equivalent of best-seller prose.” — Tom Allen, The Village Voice

“The technical credits, from Bill Butler’s photography to John Williams’ music, with a theme that recalls Bernard Herrmann’s classic score for Psycho, all add up to movie magic of a high order.” — George Anderson, Pittsburgh Post-Gazette

“It is news when a 26-year-old film director goes $2 million over budget and two and a half months over schedule and manages to avoid getting fired. But then, Steven Spielberg has managed to perform the impossible for most of his brief adult life — like successfully directing Joan Crawford in her first television movie. His most recent accomplishment will be hard to beat.” — Bob Thomas, Associated Press

TRIVIA & FACTOIDS

Promotional slogans used for the Jaws release included: “And so it began...” “She was the first...” “The terrifying motion picture from the terrifying No. 1 best seller.” “Amity Island had everything. Clear skies. Gentle surf. Warm water. People flocked there every summer. It was the perfect feeding ground.”

Author Peter Benchley appears as a reporter in the Fourth of July sequence.

Jaws spawned three sequels, a theme park attraction, a video game, a musical, and countless imitations.

The fictitious Jaws 19, directed by Max Spielberg (Steven’s real-life son), was featured as an inside joke in the Spielberg-produced Back To The Future Part II (1989). In a scene set in the year 2015, the character of Marty McFly (Michael J. Fox) sees a holographic shark promoting the movie at the Holomax Theater and responds by quipping, “Shark still looks fake.”

For his Jaws music, John Williams won an Oscar, a Grammy and a Golden Globe.

Jaws has been spoofed numerous times, most memorably in Mad Magazine (as Jaw’d), in Playboy (as Jugs), in the adult film Gums, and on an episode of Saturday Night Live.

The majority of Jaws was photographed on location in and near Martha’s Vineyard, Massachusetts.

The original shooting schedule called for 55 filming days. The shoot was so problematic and difficult that, ultimately, principal photography lasted 159 days. Crew members jokingly referred to the film as Flaws.

The longest run of Jaws in the United States is believed to have been a 40-week engagement in Denver (27 weeks at the Cooper followed by 13 weeks at the adjacent Cooper Cameo). The longest continuous run at a single-screen theater is believed to have been a 39-week run at the Coliseum in Seattle.

Director Steven Spielberg was 27 years old when Jaws was produced. (Many references, including one elsewhere in this article, cite 26 as Spielberg’s age at the time. Spielberg was 26 when he was offered Jaws to direct, but the age discrepancy can also be explained by pointing out that biographical information published early in Spielberg’s career often cited his year of birth as 1947 when, in fact, he was born in 1946.)

Jaws won three Academy Awards: Film Editing (Vera Fields), Original Score (John Williams) and Sound (Robert Hoyt, Roger Heman Jr., Earl Madery, John R. Carter). It addition, Jaws was nominated for Best Picture.

Aside from the Oscars, other awards and nominations Jaws received included an American Cinema Editors “Eddie” and Films and Filming Magazine’s Best Editing, a Grammy and Golden Globe for John Williams’ music, six BAFTA nominations, a Directors Guild and Golden Globe nomination for Spielberg’s direction, and a People’s Choice Award for Favorite Motion Picture. In addition, Show-A-Rama awarded Spielberg Director of the Year and the Publicists Guild awarded Richard D. Zanuck and David Brown Producers of the Year.

The shark featured in the film was a combination of special effects (mechanical sharks nicknamed “Bruce” by the crew) and real underwater footage of live sharks shot near Australia by Ron and Valerie Taylor (Blue Water, White Death).

The memorable “treadmill” shot (i.e. simultaneous dolly-zoom) of Brody reacting to the shark attack during one of the beach sequences is one of, if not, the most effective examples of such a shot. It was inspired by similar shots featured in Alfred Hitchcock’s Vertigo (1958) and has been used (often to great effect) in numerous films since.

Jaws was, in 1978, the first movie mastered for release on the then-new DiscoVision videodisc format. The film was also released on the Beta and VHS formats.

Jaws was first broadcast on Pay TV (i.e cable television) in August of 1979.

Jaws was first broadcast on network television on November 4, 1979. An estimated 80 million viewers tuned in to the ABC broadcast, and it was at the time the second-most-watched movie broadcast, being out-watched only by a 1976 airing of Gone With The Wind.

Jaws was test-screened on March 26, 1975, in Dallas, Texas (at the Medallion), and March 28, 1975, in Lakewood, California (at Lakewood Center). An analysis of the screenings and questionnaire results prompted the filmmakers to shoot additional footage (in a Los Angeles swimming pool) for one scene. The final release version of the film was sneak-previewed in numerous cities during April and May of 1975 (often as a double feature with Universal’s The Great Waldo Pepper).

Jaws is often mistakenly cited as the first motion picture to have grossed over $100 million. The fact is it was the first to exceed $100 million in rental revenue (i.e. the percentage of the gross receipts returned to the distributor). A few movies released prior to Jaws grossed over $100 million (but the rentals for which were less than $100 million), including The Sound Of Music, The Godfather, The Exorcist, and, thanks to numerous re-releases, Gone With The Wind.

So certain he would receive an Academy Award nomination for Best Director, Spielberg, in February 1976, had a television news crew record live his reaction to the announcement broadcast of the Academy Award nominations. To his shock and disappointment, Spielberg was not nominated in the Best Director category, though the film was nominated in other categories. (Spielberg would in subsequent years receive a Best Director nomination for Close Encounters Of The Third Kind, Raiders Of The Lost Ark, E.T. The Extra-Terrestrial, Schindler’s List*, Saving Private Ryan*, and Munich. [*nomination and win])

Jaws the was second collaboration between composer John Williams and director Steven Spielberg. Their first collaboration was The Sugarland Express in 1974. Subsequently, Williams has scored every one of Spielberg’s directorial efforts (except for his segment of 1983’s Twilight Zone: The Movie and 1985’s The Color Purple).

Repeat performances: Jaws cast members Richard Dreyfuss, Murray Hamilton, Lorraine Gary, Susan Backlinie, and Ted Grossman appeared in subsequent Spielberg films. Hamilton, Gary and Backlinie all appeared in 1941 (1979), with Backlinie spoofing her role as the first shark victim. Dreyfuss played the lead in Close Encounters Of The Third Kind (1977) and Always (1989). Ted Grossman appeared in small roles (and provided stunt work) in Spielberg’s Indiana Jones series and a few other films.

Jaws producers Richard D. Zanuck and Robert Brown also produced Spielberg’s The Sugarland Express (and offered Spielberg the Jaws directorial assignment during its production).

John Milius (The Wind And The Lion, Big Wednesday) and Howard Sackler (The Great White Hope) did uncredited rewrites of the script.

Roger Kastel was the artist who painted the famous image used on the cover of the Jaws novel and which subsequently was used on the film’s promotional material. (Other noteworthy work by Kastel included the “Style A” poster art for The Empire Strikes Back.)

Jaws was re-released multiple times between 1976 and 1979, adding tens of millions of dollars to its already phenomenal box-office take.

The camera operator on Jaws was Michael Chapman, who would go on to a successful career as a cinematographer (Taxi Driver, Raging Bull, The Lost Boys) and director (All The Right Moves, The Clan Of The Cave Bear).

In 1995, a feature-length retrospective documentary, produced by Laurent Bouzereau and showcasing new interviews with cast and crew members, was included on a collector’s edition laserdisc set. A condensed version of the documentary subsequently appeared on the Jaws DVD.

Jaws was selected in 2001 for preservation by the National Film Registry of the Library of Congress.

In June of 2005, Martha’s Vineyard hosted JawsFest, which featured a cast and crew reunion, Q&A and autograph sessions, film screenings and other activities. (Think: Star Trek convention for Jaws fans.)

Director Steven Spielberg in 2002 said: “Frankly, I don’t think that Jaws would do as well today as it did in 1975, because people would not wait so long to see the shark. Or they’d say there’s too much time between the first attack and the second attack. Which is too bad. We have an audience now that isn’t patient with us. They’ve been taught, by people like me, to be impatient with people like me.”

THE ORIGINAL ENGAGEMENTS

Ever wonder where Jaws opened on that fateful day in the summer of 1975? Ever wonder what a wide release circa 1975 looked like? Can’t remember the name of the theater in which you saw it? Well, look no further! What follows is a list of the theaters in the United States and Canada that opened Jaws on its initial June 20 release date.

But first a little more history of the film’s release and preface material for the list. Beginning July 25, 1975, the film’s sixth week, more than 200 additional engagements commenced in markets not included in the initial launch as well as in large markets already playing the film. By Labor Day weekend (the film’s eleventh week), Jaws had played or was still playing in more than 1,000 theaters.

No new bookings took place in-between the original June 20 date and the July 25 expansion except for a couple which are noted in the list and some New England coastal towns that exhibited Jaws on a rotational basis among a cluster of theaters.

Universal continued booking the film during the summer and into the autumn and winter months, primarily, at this stage, in small-town theaters located in remote areas. By the end of its record run more than 2,000 theaters in the United States and Canada had played the film (plus hundreds more internationally), with engagements of five and even six months long being average in numerous markets.

None of the post-June 20 engagements have been included in the list that follows. Listed instead, as an anniversary tribute, are the original 464 “first wave” bookings, which are being given special attention since these were the first anywhere to have played the landmark film.

The bookings list that follows has been tailored for readers of Cinema Treasures. Links have been provided for those theaters where a dedicated page exists so readers may learn more or post comments about a featured theater. In addition, note the number of entries for which there is no link. In other words, anyone with information or a desire to conduct research, please consider helping create pages for these unaccounted-for theaters.

In regard to the names of the theaters in which Jaws played, effort has been made to retain any special spelling or stylization used in its promotion based on referencing newspaper advertising and/or photographic evidence of theater marquees. The names of the theater owners, for the most part, have not been included.

Although Jaws played in numerous single-screen theaters, most of the theaters in which the film played, as you’ll glean from the list, were of the multiplex variety. In these instances, the total number of screens in a complex have been cited, rather than the specific screen/auditorium in which Jaws played, so as to provide an historical record of how many screens were in a given complex during 1975. (Theaters routinely expanded over the years, and historical accounts in books and websites, including Cinema Treasures, often do not accurately or comprehensively account for a venue’s screen-count timeline or alternate name history.)

And, lastly, the list serves many purposes. On one level it is nothing more than trivia related to Jaws. On another level it offers a nostalgic look at a classic movie. And on yet another level it provides an historical snapshot of the film industry circa the mid-1970s.

So, here goes...

* shown on two screens

ALABAMA
Birmingham – Village East 1 & 2
Decatur – Gateway 1 & 2
Huntsville – Westbury Cinerama
Mobile – Airport Twin
Montgomery – Martin Twin

ALBERTA
Calgary – 17th Avenue Drive-In
Calgary – Grand 1 & 2
Edmonton – Rialto 1 & 2
Edmonton – Sky-Vue Drive-In
Lethbridge – Paramount
Red Deer – Paramount 1 & 2

ARIZONA
Phoenix – Chris-Town Mall Cinemas 6*
Scottsdale – Round-Up Drive-In
Tucson – Park Mall 4

ARKANSAS
Fort Smith – Phoenix Village Twin
North Little Rock – McCain Mall Cinema I & II

BRITISH COLUMBIA
New Westminster – Odeon
Prince George – Princess
Surrey – Surrey Drive-In
Vancouver – Vogue
Victoria – Odeon 1 & 2
West Vancouver – Odeon

CALIFORNIA
Anaheim – Brookhurst
Bakersfield – Stockdale 6*
Buena Park – Buena Park Drive-In
Burlingame – Hyatt Cinemas
Carlsbad – Cinema Plaza 4
Concord – Solano Drive-In
Costa Mesa – Cinema
Culver City – Studio Drive-In
Daly City – Serra
Fresno – Country Squire
Gardena – Vermont Drive-In
Highland – Baseline Drive-In
Isla Vista – Magic Lantern Twin*
La Habra – Fashion Square 4
La Mesa – Alvarado Drive-In
La Puente – Vineland Drive-In
Lakewood – Lakewood Center
Long Beach – Los Altos Drive-In
Los Angeles (Canoga Park) – Holiday
Los Angeles (Century City) – Century Plaza 1 & 2
Los Angeles (Hollywood) – Pix
Los Angeles (Panorama City) – Americana 6*
Los Angeles (Van Nuys) – Sepulveda Drive-In
Mill Valley – Sequoia
Monterey – Steinbeck
Oakland – Piedmont
Oxnard – Esplanade Triplex
Palm Springs – Plaza
Paramount – Rosecrans Drive-In
Pasadena – Hastings Triplex
Pleasant Hill – Century 25
Redondo Beach – South Bay Cinema I-II-III-IV
Redwood City – Redwood Drive-In
Riverside – Tyler Mall Cinema 4
Sacramento – Century 24
Sacramento – Sacramento Drive-In
San Diego – Fashion Valley 4*
San Francisco – Coliseum
San Jose – Century 24
San Leandro – Plaza Cinema I & II
South San Francisco – Spruce Drive-In
Stockton – Sherwood
Union City – Union City Drive-In
Ventura – 101 Drive-In
West Covina – Wescove Twin

COLORADO
Boulder – Regency
Colorado Springs – Rustic Hills North 1 & 2
Denver – Cooper
Fort Collins – Campus West

CONNECTICUT
Danbury – Cine
Darien – Darien Playhouse
Farmington – The Movies at Westfarms
Greenwich – Plaza
Groton – UA Cinema
Hamden – Whitney
Manchester – East 1-2-3
Milford – Milford Cinema I & II
Newington – Newington Cinema I & II
Trumbull – UA Cinema
Waterbury – Naugatuck Valley Mall Cinema I-II-III
Westport – Post

DELAWARE
Rehoboth Beach – Midway Palace I & II
Wilmington – Edgemoor

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
Washington – Jenifer Cinema I & II

FLORIDA
Altamonte Springs – Altamonte Mall Cinema I & II
Bradenton – DeSoto Square Mall Cinema 1-2-3-4
Clearwater – Capitol
Coral Gables – Miracle
Daytona Beach – Bellair Plaza Cinema I & II
Deerfield Beach – Gold Coast Drive-In
Fort Lauderdale – Village 3
Fort Myers – Arcade
Fort Walton Beach – Brooks Plaza Cinema III
Gainesville – Royal Park Cinema 3
Hollywood – Plaza Twin
Jacksonville – Regency I & II
Lakeland – Imperial Mall Cinema I & II
Lauderhill – Lauderhill
Merritt Island – Merritt Cinema I & II
North Miami Beach – 170th Street
North Palm Beach – Twin City
Orlando – Plaza I & II
Panama City – Capri
Pensacola – Cordova Twin
St. Petersburg – Plaza I & II
Sarasota – Plaza I & II
Tallahassee – Miracle 1 & 2
Tampa – Hillsboro I & II
Tampa – University Square Mall Cinema I-II-III-IV
West Palm Beach – Cinema 70

GEORGIA
Atlanta – Phipps Plaza Triplex
Augusta – Imperial
Jonesboro – Arrowhead Cinema Centre
Macon – Cinema Centre
Savannah – Cinema Centre
Smyrna – Belmont

HAWAII
Aiea – Kam Drive-In
Honolulu – Waikiki 3

IDAHO
Boise – Midway Drive-In
Idaho Falls – Rio

ILLINOIS
Aurora – West Plaza Cinema I & II
Champaign – Orpheum
Chicago – Ford City Cinema I-II-III
Chicago – Gateway
Chicago – United Artists
DeKalb – Cinema 1 & 2
Joliet – Mode
Lombard – Yorktown Cinema I & II
Milan – Showcase Cinemas
Niles – Golf Mill 1-2-3
Peoria – Fox
Rockford – Midway
Springfield – Capital City
Waukegan – Genesee

INDIANA
Anderson – Mounds Mall Cinema I & II
Elkhart – Concord Cinema 1 & 2
Evansville – North Park Cinemas 1-2
Fort Wayne – Northwood Cinema I & II
Greenwood – Greenwood Cinema I-II-III
Indianapolis – Glendale Cinema I-II-III-IV
Indianapolis – Washington Square Cinema I & II
Kokomo – Kokomo Mall Cinema I-II-III
Lafayette – Lafayette
Muncie – Northwest Plaza Cinema I & II
South Bend – Scottsdale
Terre Haute – Honey Creek Square Cinema I & II

IOWA
Cedar Rapids – Eastown Twin
Des Moines – Fleur 4
Des Moines – Forum 4
Dubuque – Kennedy Mall Cinema I & II
Sioux City – Plaza 1 & 2
Waterloo – Crossroads 1 & 2

KANSAS
Lawrence – Hillcrest Triplex
Salina – Mid-State Cinemas
Topeka – Topeka Boulevard Cinema I & II
Wichita – Cinemas East

KENTUCKY
Lexington – Fayette Mall Cinema I & II
Louisville – Showcase Cinemas

LOUISIANA
Alexandria – Alexandria Mall Cinema I & II
Baton Rouge – University Cinema 4
Lafayette – Center Cinema 1 & 2
Lake Charles – Charles Cinema III
New Orleans – Joy
Shreveport – Cinema City 6*
West Monroe – McMillan Cinema 1 & 2

MAINE
Brewer – Cinema Center
Portland – Fine Arts Twin
Waterville – Cinema Center

MANITOBA
Winnipeg – Airliner Drive-In
Winnipeg – Capitol

MARYLAND
Annapolis – Circle
Baltimore – Senator
Catonsville – Westview Cinema I-II-III-IV
Dundalk – Strand
Frederick – Mall Cinemas
Hagerstown – Cinema 1 & 2
Ocean City – Surf
Randallstown – Liberty Twin
Riverdale – Riverdale Plaza
Wheaton – Aspen Hill 1 & 2

MASSACHUSETTS
Boston – Charles Triplex
Brockton – Westgate Mall Cinema I-II-III-IV
Burlington – Burlington Mall Cinema I & II
Danvers – Cinema City
Dedham – Showcase Cinemas
Fall River – Center Twin
Falmouth – Cod Drive-In
Framngham – Shoppers World Cinema I-II-III-IV
Hanover – Hanover Mall Cinema I-II-III-IV
Hyannis – Cape Cod Mall
Lawrence – Showcase Cinemas
Mashpee – Seabury Twin
Nantucket – Dreamland
North Dartmouth – North Dartmouth Mall Cinema City I-II-III-IV
Oak Bluffs – Island
Pittsfield – Paris
Plymouth – Cinema 1 & 2
Provincetown – New Art
West Springfield – Showcase Cinemas
Worcester – Cinema 1 at Webster Square

MICHIGAN
Ann Arbor – State
Bay City – State
Benton Harbor – Fairplain Cinema 1 & 2
Detroit – Vogue
Flint – Genesee Valley Twin
Grand Rapids – Alpine Twin
Lansing – Mall
Livonia – Mai Kai
Portage – Plaza Twin
Roseville – Macomb Mall Cinema I & II
Saginaw – Green Acres
Southfield – Americana Complex
Southgate – Southgate
Sterling Heights – Showcase Cinemas
Waterford – Pontiac Mall Cinema I & II

MINNESOTA
Duluth – Kenwood I & II
Minneapolis – Gopher
White Bear Lake – Cine Capri

MISSISSIPPI
Biloxi – Surfside 1 & 2
Hattiesburg – Avanti
Jackson – Ellis Isle Cinema I & II

MISSOURI
Columbia – Uptown
Creve Coeur – Creve Coeur
Florissant – Grandview
Joplin – Eastgate Cinemas 1-2-3
Kansas City – Midland 3
Mehlville – South County
St. Louis – Stadium Cinema I

NEBRASKA
Lincoln – Plaza 1-2-3-4*
Omaha – Indian Hills

NEVADA
Las Vegas – Red Rock 11
Reno – Granada Twin

NEW BRUNSWICK
Moncton – Capitol
Saint John – Plaza

NEW HAMPSHIRE
Bedford – Bedford Mall Cinema I & II
Nashua – Nashua Mall Cinema I & II
Portsmouth – Jerry Lewis Cinemas

NEW JERSEY
Bayville – Berkeley Cinemas
Beach Haven – Colonial
Brick Township – Circle Twin
Cherry Hill – Ellisburg
East Brunswick – Turnpike Twin
Edison – Plainfield Drive-In
Fair Lawn – Hyway
Freehold – Pond Road
Hackensack – Fox
Hazlet – UA Twin
Jersey City – Hudson Plaza Cinema I & II
Long Branch – Movies
Maplewood – Maplewood
Montclair – Clairidge
Ocean City – Village
Parsippany – Morris Hills Cinema I & II
Pleasantville – Towne 4
Princeton – Garden
South Plainfield – UA Cinema
Vineland – Vineland Twin
Wayne – UA Cinema
Westfield – Rialto
Wildwood – Blaker
Willingboro – Twin Willingboro

NEW MEXICO
Albuquerque – Cinema East Twin

NEW YORK
Amherst – Boulevard Mall Cinema I-II-III
Bay Shore – UA Cinema
Big Flats – Cinema I & II
Bronxville – UA Cinema
Cheektowaga – Holiday 6
Coram – Coram Drive-In
East Hampton – UA Cinema
Endicott – Cinema
Floral Park – Floral
Hauppauge – Hauppauge
Henrietta – Todd Mart Cinema I & II
Hicksville – UA Cinema
Huntington – Shore Twin
Latham – Towne
Middletown – Cinema
Monticello – Mall Cinema I & II
New City – Cinema 304
New Hartford – Cinema
New York (Bronx) – Capri
New York (Brooklyn) – Kings Plaza Twin
New York (Brooklyn) – Marboro
New York (Brooklyn) – Rialto
New York (Manhattan) – 34th Street East
New York (Manhattan) – Orpheum
New York (Manhattan) – Rivoli
New York (Queens) – Astoria
New York (Queens) – Lefrak
New York (Queens) – Prospect
New York (Staten Island) – Island 1 & 2
Ossining – Arcadian Cinema I & II
Patchogue – UA Cinema
Pearl River – Pearl River
Peekskill – Beach Cinemas
Plattsburgh – Plattsburgh Cinema 1 & 2
Poughkeepsie – Dutchess
Queensbury – Cinema 3
Syracuse – Shop City
Valley Stream – Green Acres
Wantagh – Wantagh
White Plains – UA Cinema

NEWFOUNDLAND
St. John’s – Capitol

NORTH CAROLINA
Asheville – Merrimon Twin
Charlotte – Tryon Mall I & II
Durham – Yorktowne Twin
Fayetteville – Bordeaux 1 & 2
Greensboro – Terrace I & II
Raleigh – Village Twin
Wilmington – Bailey
Winston-Salem – Parkview 1 & 2

NORTH DAKOTA
Fargo – Cinema 70

NOVA SCOTIA
Dartmouth – Penhorn Mall 1 & 2
Halifax – Paramount 1 & 2

OHIO
Akron – Chapel Hill Cinema I-II-III
Canton – Mellett Mall Cinema I & II
Cincinnati – Northgate Cinemas 1-2-3-4-5
Cincinnati – Skywalk Cinemas 1-2
Cincinnati – Valley Cinemas 1-2
Cleveland Heights – Severance I & II
Columbus – University City
Dayton – Dayton Mall Cinemas
Elyria – Midway Twin
Fairview Park – Fairview Cinema I & II
Mentor – Mentor Mall Cinema I-II-III
Niles – Eastwood 1 & 2
Ontario – Richland Mall Cinema I & II
Parma – Parmatown Cinema I-II-III
Springdale – Princeton Cinemas 1-2
Springfield – State
Steubenville – Cinema
Toledo – Showcase Cinemas
Trotwood – Kon-Tiki Twin
Whitehall – Cinema East

OKLAHOMA
Lawton – Video Twin
Oklahoma City – North Park Cinema 4
Tulsa – Southroads Mall

ONTARIO
Belleville – Quinte Mall Cinema 1 & 2
Brampton – Odeon
Brantford – Odeon
Burlington – Odeon
Concord – Dufferin Drive-In
Hamilton – Hamilton Drive-In
Hamilton – Odeon 1 & 2
Kingston – Odeon
Kitchener – Odeon
Kitchener – Parkway Drive-In
London – Mustang Drive-In
London – Odeon 1 & 2
Mississauga – Sheridan 1 & 2
North Bay – Odeon
Oshawa – Plaza
Ottawa – Airport Drive-In
Ottawa – Nelson
Peterborough – Odeon
Pickering – Bay Ridges Drive-In
Sarnia – Odeon 1 & 2
St. Catharines – Lincoln
Sault Ste. Marie – Odeon
Scarborough – Elane
Sudbury – Odeon 1 & 2
Thunder Bay – Victoria
Toronto – Albion 1 & 2
Toronto – Hyland 1 & 2
Windsor – Odeon in the Holiday Inn

OREGON
Beaverton – Town Center Tri-Cinema
Eugene – West 11th Tri-Cinema
Milwaukie – Southgate Quad
Portland – Foster Drive-In
Salem – Lancaster Mall Quad

PENNSYLVANIA
Camp Hill – Camp Hill 1 & 2
Chester – Twin West Goshen
Erie – Strand
Fairless Hills – U.S. #1 North Drive-In
Feasterville – Feasterville
Harrisburg – Union Deposit Twin
Horsham Township – Twin Horsham
Johnstown – Richland Mall Twin
Lancaster – Wonderland Twin
Monaca – Beaver Valley Mall Cinema I-II-III
Montgomeryville – 309 Drive-In
Philadelphia – City Line Center Twin
Philadelphia – Goldman Twin
Philadelphia – Merben
Pittsburgh – Gateway
Plymouth Meeting – Plymouth
Ridley Township – MacDade Mall
Scranton – Viewmont Mall Cinema I-II-III
Wayne – Mainline Drive-In
Whitehall – Plaza
Wilkes-Barre – Wyoming Valley Mall Cinema I & II
Wyomissing – Berkshire Mall
York – Delco Plaza Mall Cinema 1-2-3

QUEBEC
Dorval – Dorval Twin
Greenfield Park – Greenfield Park Twin
Laval – Laval Twin
Montreal – Kent
Montreal – Loew’s

RHODE ISLAND
Lincoln – Lincoln Mall Cinema I-II-III-IV (opened June 25)
Warwick – Warwick Mall Cinema I & II
Westerly – Westerly Twin

SASKATCHEWAN
Regina – Centre
Saskatoon – Capitol

SOUTH CAROLINA
Columbia – Dutch Square Twin
Greenville – Astro Twin
Myrtle Beach – Camelot (opened July 4)
North Charleston – Terrace
Spartanburg – Hillcrest Twin

TENNESSEE
Chattanooga – Eastgate 1 & 2
Goodlettsville – Rivergate 4
Knoxville – Studio One
Memphis – Park
Nashville – Green Hills

TEXAS
Abilene – Westwood
Amarillo – Western Plaza Cinema I & II*
Arlington – Forum 6
Austin – Highland Mall Cinema I & II
Beaumont – Gaylynn Twin
Corpus Christi – Cine 4
Dallas – Inwood
El Paso – Cielo Vista Mall Cinema I-II-III
Fort Worth – Seminary South Cinema I & II
Galveston – Galvez Plaza Cinema I-II-III
Houston – Galleria Cinema I & II
Lubbock – Cinema West
Port Arthur – Park Plaza
Richardson – Promenade I & II
San Antonio – Broadway
San Antonio – Century South 6
Waco – Cinema 1 & 2
Wichita Falls – Cinema 1 & 2

UTAH
Provo – Academy
Riverdale – Cinedome 70
Salt Lake City – Regency

VERMONT
South Burlington – Burlington Plaza Cinema I & II

VIRGINIA
Hampton – Riverdale Twin
Lynchburg – Boonsboro I & II
Richmond – Westhampton
Roanoke – Towers I & II
Springfield – Springfield Mall Cinema I & II
Vienna – Tysons
Virginia Beach – Pembroke 1 & 2

WASHINGTON
Kenmore – Kenmore Drive-In
Lakewood – Villa Plaza Cinema I & II
Seattle – Coliseum
Tacoma – Auto-View Drive-In

WEST VIRGINIA
Charleston – Capitol

WISCONSIN
Brookfield – Brookfield Square Cinemas
Green Bay – Marc
Kenosha – Roosevelt
Madison – Esquire
Milwaukee – Northridge Movies 1-2-3
Milwaukee – Skyway Cinemas
Racine – Cinema I & II

WORLWIDE RELEASE DATES
06.20.1975 … Canada
06.20.1975 … United States
10.22.1975 … Portugal (Tubarao [Shark])
11.20.1975 … Hong Kong
11.28.1975 … Australia
12.06.1975 … Japan (Jaws)
12.18.1975 … Netherlands (De Zomer Van De Witte Haai [The Summer Of The White Shark])
12.19.1975 … Belgium (Les Dents De La Mer [The Teeth Of The Sea])
12.19.1975 … Italy (Lo Squalo [The Shark])
12.19.1975 … Spain (Tiburon [Shark])
12.19.1975 … Switzerland (French, German or Italian depending on city)
12.20.1975 … Austria (Der Weisse Hai [The White Shark])
12.20.1975 … Finland (Tappajahai [The Killer Shark])
12.20.1975 … Israel (Meltaoth [Jaws])
12.20.1975 … Sweden (Hajen [Shark])
12.20.1975 … West Germany (Der Weisse Hai [The White Shark])
12.22.1975 … Egypt
12.22.1975 … Greece
12.22.1975 … Lebanon
12.24.1975 … Philippines
12.24.1975 … Singapore
12.24.1975 … Thailand
12.25.1975 … Argentina (Tiburon [Shark])
12.25.1975 … Bolivia (Tiburon [Shark])
12.25.1975 … Brazil (Tubarao [Shark])
12.25.1975 … Chile (Tiburon [Shark])
12.25.1975 … Colombia (Tiburon [Shark])
12.25.1975 … Costa Rica (Tiburon [Shark])
12.25.1975 … Dominican Republic (Tiburon [Shark])
12.25.1975 … Ecuador (Tiburon [Shark])
12.25.1975 … Peru (Tiburon [Shark])
12.25.1975 … Puerto Rico (Tiburon [Shark])
12.25.1975 … South Africa
12.25.1975 … Trinidad (Tiburon [Shark])
12.25.1975 … Venezuela (Tiburon [Shark])
12.26.1975 … Denmark (Dodens Gab [Jaws Of Death])
12.26.1975 … Ireland
12.26.1975 … New Zealand
12.26.1975 … United Kingdom
12.26.1975 … Virgin Islands
01.28.1976 … France (Les Dents De La Mer [The Teeth Of The Sea])
02.16.1976 … Norway (Hai Sommer [Shark Summer])
04.15.1976 … Mexico (Tiburon [Shark])
04.22.1976 … South Korea

REFERENCES

Primary references for this project were hundreds of daily newspapers archived digitally and/or on microfilm and the trade publications Boxoffice, The Hollywood Reporter, and Variety. Additional references for selected information included Mad Magazine, New York Magazine, Newsweek, Playboy, and Time Magazine. Books referenced included Easy Riders, Raging Bulls: How The Sex-Drugs-And-Rock ’N’ Roll Generation Saved Hollywood by Peter Biskind (1998, Simon & Schuster), Epics, Spectacles, And Blockbusters: A Hollywood History by Sheldon Hall and Steve Neale (2010, Wayne State University Press), The Films Of Steven Spielberg by Douglas Brode (1995, Citadel), George Lucas’s Blockbusting: A Decade-By-Decade Survey Of Timeless Movies Including Untold Secrets Of Their Financial And Cultural Success edited by Alex Ben Block and Lucy Autrey Wilson (2010, George Lucas Books/HarperCollins), The Movie Brats: How The Film Generation Took Over Hollywood by Michael Pye and Lynda Myles (1979, Holt, Rinehart and Winston), Open Wide: How Hollywood Box Office Became A National Obsession by Dade Hayes & Jonathan Bing (2004, Miramax), Spielberg: The Man, The Movies, The Mythology by Frank Sanello (1996, Taylor), Steven Spielberg: A Biography by Joseph McBride (1997, Simon & Schuster), and Steven Spielberg: The Man, His Movies And Their Meaning by Philip M. Taylor (1992, Continuum). The following films were referenced: Back To The Future Part II (1989, Amblin Entertainment/Universal Pictures), Easy Riders, Raging Bulls: How The Sex-Drugs-And-Rock ’N’ Roll Generation Saved Hollywood (2002, Trio/Fremantle/BBC/Shout! Factory), Jaws (1975, Universal Pictures), and The Making Of Jaws (1995, Universal Studios Home Entertainment). Websites referenced include BoxOfficeMojo, CinemaTour, CinemaTreasures, and the InternetMovieDatabase.

Canadian engagement details researched and contributed by Bill Kretzel.

Special Thanks: Brad Adams, Jerry Alexander, Al Alvarez, Peter Apruzzese, Claude Ayakawa, Kirk Besse, Serge Bosschaerts, Laurent Bouzereau, Raymond Caple, Miguel Carrara, Bob Collins, Adam Cray, Nick DiMaggio, Sheldon Hall, John Hawkinson, William Hooper, Mark Huffstetler, Bill Kretzel, Mark Lensenmayer, Paul Linfesty, Stan Malone, Gabriel Neeb, Jim Perry, Tim Reed, John Stewart, Robert Throop, Joel Weide, and Vince Young. And a big thank-you to the numerous librarians who helped me research information for this project.

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posted 06-24-2010 01:15 AM                       

quote: Richard Hamilton

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I couldn't get past the first couple of words. It would take me 35 years to read it

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