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Author Topic: Cyan Tracks
Bruce Hansen
Jedi Master Film Handler

Posts: 847
From: Stone Mountain, GA, USA
Registered: Dec 1999


 - posted 04-19-2004 06:05 PM      Profile for Bruce Hansen   Email Bruce Hansen   Send New Private Message       Edit/Delete Post 
quote:
Environmental benefits of the cyan soundtrack include the elimination of caustic chemicals, and silver itself, from the print manufacturing process
Just to make sure I have it right, doesn't color film have silver on it, untill it is developed?

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John Pytlak
Film God

Posts: 9987
From: Rochester, NY 14650-1922
Registered: Jan 2000


 - posted 04-19-2004 09:58 PM      Profile for John Pytlak   Author's Homepage   Email John Pytlak   Send New Private Message       Edit/Delete Post 
quote:
Just to make sure I have it right, doesn't color film have silver on it, until it is developed?


Yes, all unprocessed motion picture color print films have silver halide in them. Labs recover the silver from the fixer, usually by electrolytic recovery. A very high percentage of the silver is recovered during processing, EXCEPT for the silver that stays in the current analog soundtrack. That silver remains in the film, and is released to the environment if the prints are incinerated or landfilled without proper silver recovery.

Here are the environmental aspects of processing:

H-24.06 Environmental Aspects

See the section about "Silver Management".

Here are the specifications of process ECP-2D:

H-24.09 Process ECP-2D

Here are FAQs about silver recovery:

Silver Recovery FAQ

Here is Kodak's program for print recycling (but billions of feet annually are NOT properly recycled):

Film Recycling Program

Kodak FPC Film Salvage

Kodak's film manufacturing plants are very efficient in recovering any silver that does not end up in the finished film product (e.g., silver is recovered from the perforation "chads").

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Steve Guttag
We forgot the crackers Gromit!!!

Posts: 12814
From: Annapolis, MD
Registered: Dec 1999


 - posted 04-20-2004 07:52 AM      Profile for Steve Guttag   Email Steve Guttag   Send New Private Message       Edit/Delete Post 
Ya know...if nothing else good came out of the last Presidential election, the world now has a name to call the material that has been punched/perforated out of a larger piece of the same material...the Chad.

Silver reclamation has the benefits that Silver is expensive too. I lived through the Silver hikes of the '70s when B/W photographic paper prices doubled!

Steve

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John Pytlak
Film God

Posts: 9987
From: Rochester, NY 14650-1922
Registered: Jan 2000


 - posted 04-20-2004 08:17 AM      Profile for John Pytlak   Author's Homepage   Email John Pytlak   Send New Private Message       Edit/Delete Post 
Silver facts:

http://btech.lunarpages.com/btimining/articles.php?lng=en&pg=29

quote:
About 1/3 of the silver produced worldwide is used in photography.

quote:

The market price of silver hit $­­­50.35 per ounce in January 1980.

Silver market speculation:

http://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/servicerpt/derivative/chapter8.html

quote:
best real-world example of such a strategy is the infamous manipulation of the silver market by the Hunt family (and others) who at one time held about $14 billion worth of silver. In January 1979, before the market manipulation, silver was selling for about $6 an ounce. Then in 1979, the Hunts began to buy silver futures and demand delivery (i.e., they cornered the market). At the same time, they bought large quantities of silver and held the physical silver off the market (i.e., the market was squeezed). As a result, in January 1980 silver prices reached about $48 an ounce. Then, the regulators and the exchanges instituted “liquidation-only trading.” That is, traders were only allowed to close existing contracts; they could not establish any new positions. This forced traders (the Hunts and others) to exit the market as existing contracts became due, so that the manipulators could not continue to accrue large numbers of contracts and were gradually forced to withdraw from the market. The day after the rule was passed, silver prices fell by $12 per ounce, and by March 27, 1980, they fell to about $10 per ounce.

Market corners and squeezes are illegal, but hard to prove. In fact, the Hunts, their co-conspirators, and their brokers were sued, and a $200 million judgement was awarded. The brokers and Lamar Hunt paid about $34 million and $17 million, respectively. The remaining amounts were never collected, because the other parties declared bankruptcy.


Silver market prices:

http://www.kitco.com/charts/livesilver.html

Silver prices have risen considerably the past year, from a low of about $4.48 to recent peaks of $8.29 per ounce.

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Daniel Alt
Expert Film Handler

Posts: 111
From: Lakewood, OH, USA
Registered: Mar 2004


 - posted 04-20-2004 10:18 AM      Profile for Daniel Alt   Email Daniel Alt   Send New Private Message       Edit/Delete Post 
quote:
Ya know...if nothing else good came out of the last Presidential election, the world now has a name to call the material that has been punched/perforated out of a larger piece of the same material...the Chad.
Slightly off topic, but very interesting... Those little bits were around long before the name "Chad." A man named "Chadless" invented a punch that DIDN'T generate them, and it was named after him. After that, it was only logical that if a Chadless punch DIDN'T produce those bits, then they must be called...

Oh, er, and Cyan tracks stink. Or maybe they're awesome. Whatever, just to go back to the topic.

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John Pytlak
Film God

Posts: 9987
From: Rochester, NY 14650-1922
Registered: Jan 2000


 - posted 04-20-2004 10:46 AM      Profile for John Pytlak   Author's Homepage   Email John Pytlak   Send New Private Message       Edit/Delete Post 
Daniel Alt wrote:

quote:
Cyan tracks stink
And I always felt soundtrack developer had a nauseating smell. [puke] [Wink]

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Daryl C. W. O'Shea
Film God

Posts: 3977
From: Midland Ontario Canada (where Panavision & IMAX lenses come from)
Registered: Jun 2002


 - posted 04-20-2004 06:29 PM      Profile for Daryl C. W. O'Shea   Author's Homepage   Email Daryl C. W. O'Shea   Send New Private Message       Edit/Delete Post 
Although chads have "been around" for a long time, Daniel, Steve did say that "the world", meaning the United States of America of course, has a name to call them since a lot of people never knew what they were called or what they were, before the last presidential election.

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Lindsay Morris
Expert Film Handler

Posts: 233
From: Darlington, WA, Australia
Registered: Sep 2002


 - posted 04-20-2004 07:23 PM      Profile for Lindsay Morris   Email Lindsay Morris   Send New Private Message       Edit/Delete Post 
Geez,

I wish that junked prints were recycled here in OZ.. it really bugs me to see piles and piles of film stacked up in dumper bins ready to go to landfill.
Lots of those are Hi Mag prints which I do not suppose would yield any silver but what about the stock material is that NOT able to re recycled???
Some distributors here do send the prints back (I am told) to USA for recycling... but the cost must be horrendous for just a pile of junked film.
I wonder why we do not have a plant here in Australia to at least recycle the stuff that we junk.
Titanic I believe had something like 400 prints here and now only about 10 remain... all that film in the landfill... will it ever break down??.
Lindsay

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John Pytlak
Film God

Posts: 9987
From: Rochester, NY 14650-1922
Registered: Jan 2000


 - posted 04-20-2004 07:45 PM      Profile for John Pytlak   Author's Homepage   Email John Pytlak   Send New Private Message       Edit/Delete Post 
Lindsay Morris wrote:

quote: Lindsay Morris
Lots of those are Hi Mag prints which I do not suppose would yield any silver
"High Magenta" (magenta+silver) prints DO have silver in the analog soundtrack, as do older (cyan+magenta+silver) prints. The caustic, viscous soundtrack developer applied to the soundtrack area develops the bleached silver halide back to silver so it stays in the film and doesn't come out in the fixer. The used developer is washed off the film with lots of water, and goes down the drain for sewage treatment.

Cyan dye analog soundtracks do NOT have silver, as it is removed by the fixer (hypo) during processing, and recovered electrolytically. No need for soundtrack developer or the water to wash it off.

If prints are incinerated and the fly ash is precipitated, the silver-bearing ash could be sent to a refiner.

In a landfill, the polyester base is very inert. The gelatin emulsion and dyes will decompose in the presence of moisture and bacteria, but any silver will remain.

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Ted Costas
Expert Film Handler

Posts: 119
From: Hollywood, CA, USA
Registered: May 2000


 - posted 04-21-2004 06:30 PM      Profile for Ted Costas   Email Ted Costas   Send New Private Message       Edit/Delete Post 
Steve,

Dolby, Dolby, Dolby. Are we really the enemy? It's funny, but I have been involved in this project for a few years now... even before I came over to the Dark Side, Dolby Labs (insert theme music here). I was interested in this because of the environmental benefits, and because of the improvement in image quality (forgive me if I keep repeating myself). Also, the magnitude of the effort, converting theatres and convincing Studios, made all this very interesting.

So I asked our President the other day, I call him Bill, you can call him Darth, if we make any money off of the sale of red LEDs... after we finished smoking the cuban cigars and counting all the money... please! Bill laughed at me. Yes, our President laughed in my face. Dolby does things to benenfit the industry because we can. It makes us look good. And in a competitive industry like ours, it's good to look good. Right? The margins here are insignificant. If there was so much money to be made in red LEDs, you'd think there'd be suppliers up the wazoo. There are alternatives to Dolby, just like in soundtrack playback.

Remember TASA? I was working for Lucasfilm, THX, back then, and Dolby sold the machine that measures the "average volume" for measuring a trailers' upper volume limit. How much money did the dark side make on that? Enough for two Dolby employees to win Technical Achievement Academy Awards. Now Steve, why didn't you scream back then, "But they sold nearly eighty of those boxes!" With TASA, and Cyan, Dolby is there to facilitate the transition. And we're not alone. Kodak and NATO have been our partners in this successful venture, and the various members and attendees of the Dye Track Committee meetings have had input as well.

My salary has not gone up one cyan cent because of Dolby's red LED sales. Yet, I do get a bonus everytime I mention "Dolby" more than three times in a sentence.

Cyan Rules!

Dolby, Dolby, Dolby!

Yours, Ted
The Dark Side

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Larry V. Price
Film Handler

Posts: 7
From: Shoreline. WA USA
Registered: Mar 2004


 - posted 05-07-2004 01:43 AM      Profile for Larry V. Price   Email Larry V. Price   Send New Private Message       Edit/Delete Post 
Can anyone advise me about the use of red readers with analog mono tracks, especially variable density tracks? I am the Lead Projectionist at the Seattle Art Museum. We are a 2,000 foot reel manual booth and usually show films from the 1930's, 40's, and early 50's. We do, however have a few (4 or 5 per year) rentals with new product. We are ready to order red readers, but as 95% of our product is 1.33:1, black & white, mono film and often with variable density as opposed to variable area soundtracks, I would hate to screw up the bulk of of our screen time, as sound quality is now excellent. If it makes any difference; we have Simplex SH 1000 soundheads, a Dolby CP65, Altec speakers, biamped with Crown amps.

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Leo Enticknap
Film God

Posts: 7474
From: Loma Linda, CA
Registered: Jul 2000


 - posted 05-07-2004 02:25 AM      Profile for Leo Enticknap   Author's Homepage   Email Leo Enticknap   Send New Private Message       Edit/Delete Post 
quote: Larry V. Price
Can anyone advise me about the use of red readers with analog mono tracks, especially variable density tracks?
Time to duck and cover, folks, especially if Steve and William get going on this. The issue has been discussed ad nauseam - earlier in this thread, I think.

As an attempt at summarising the perspectives which came out of it, I think it would be fair to say that in many installations, red readers result in a slight drop off in HF response and slightly increased sibillance. Personally I've never felt it to be so bad as to affect my enjoyment of a film as a customer - other variables such as the B-chain setup and the acoustics of an auditorium can be just as important, if not more.

I once worked in an arthouse venue which showed a high proportion of arthouse prints, and ran the occasional show in a university theatre in the same town. The arthouse had red readers; the university did not. Occasionally the same print would play at both venues, giving me some chance to compare. I didn't think VD prints had the biggest problem with red readers (though a poorly graded/timed VD track will sound crap whatever it's played on). The only real problem were unilateral and RCA duplex VAs. In particular I remember one print of Pepé Le Moko (RCA unilateral VA with shuttered noise reduction) which sounded fine with the exciter. On the red reader it was muffled, the signal to noise ratio dropped through the floor and the HF was practically gone - it sounded like pillows had been stuffed into all the speakers and then the volume cranked up. If that film didn't have subtitles I'm sure we would have had complaints about unintelligible dialogue.

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Stephen Furley
Film God

Posts: 3059
From: Coulsdon, Croydon, England
Registered: May 2002


 - posted 05-07-2004 03:48 AM      Profile for Stephen Furley   Email Stephen Furley   Send New Private Message       Edit/Delete Post 
quote: Leo Enticknap
The only real problem were unilateral and RCA duplex VAs.
Leo, any idea why these should have been worse than other types of VA tracks?

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John Pytlak
Film God

Posts: 9987
From: Rochester, NY 14650-1922
Registered: Jan 2000


 - posted 05-07-2004 06:13 AM      Profile for John Pytlak   Author's Homepage   Email John Pytlak   Send New Private Message       Edit/Delete Post 
A B&W print that was optimized for cross-modulation distortion on a tungsten white-light reader will play best on that reader. If the new prints are made and reoptimized for a red light reader, they will play best on it. Generally, a reverse scan red light reader will have better frequency response and channel separation than a forward scan tungsten light reader. New color prints with cyan dye tracks require a red reader.

Leo: Any chance the difference you heard with the unilateral tracks and the RCA duplex was due to the university's white light reader being a full width mono scan, vs. the arthouse's red light stereo (split) cell? I could picture a unilateral track being problematic on ANY stereo (split) cell, as you aren't really "reading" the very center of the track. It could be that the best option for theatres playing mostly really old mono tracks with a small mix of new cyan releases would be a full width mono pickup with a red LED light source.

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Phil Hill
I love my cootie bug

Posts: 7595
From: Hollywood, CA USA
Registered: Mar 2000


 - posted 05-09-2004 05:55 PM      Profile for Phil Hill   Email Phil Hill       Edit/Delete Post 
(Copied from the "Exciter" thread)

quote: John Pytlak
...allow complete conversion to prints with cyan dye analog soundtracks, to take advantage of the environmental benefits...
John, just out of curiosity, what are the economical benefits to the distributor and/or film lab by having only cyan tracks?

>>> Phil

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